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Anthracite, also known as hard coal, is a naturally occurring material. It is rich in carbon content and represents the highest level of non-metamorphic coalification. Anthracite coal forms as a result of compression of geologically preserved organic residue of primordial swamps, under the Earth's crust. Anthracite coal finds numerous applications in foundries as a carbon raiser, refractory coating component, filler in rubber production, and pigments. Calcination process involves heating anthracite coal to high temperatures, in the presence of air or oxygen. Anthracite calcination is usually performed by two ways, viz. electrical calcination and gas calcination. Calcined anthracite is produced using electrically fired calcining furnace. The process involves heat treatment of high grade anthracite.

Sodium pyrithione, also known as omadine sodium, is an organosulfur compound with the molecular formula C5H4NNaOS. It is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Pyrithione sodium appears to interfere with membrane transport, leading to loss of metabolic control. Sodium pyrithione is a broad spectrum antimicrobial, which inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi in household and industrial products such as shampoos, hair care, laundry, surface cleaning, pesticides, and textile & leather treatment. Sodium pyrithione is used as a broad spectrum biocide especially against fungi and gram positive and gram negative bacteria in metal working fluids, rubber & paint, and cosmetics industries. At room temperature in the dark, sodium pyrithione is stable in the pH range 4.5 to 9.5. At 100°C it is stable for at least 120 hours, at 150°C 29 % of the substance has decomposed within 48 hours.

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is considered as the interface of active and passive components or IC substrates made of fiberglass, composite epoxy, or other laminate materials. Conductive pathways are etched or printed onto a board, which connects different components on the board such as transistors, resistors, and integrated circuits. PCBs are used in computers and are foundation of many internal components such as network interface cards and video cards. PCBs are commonly associated with computers; however, they are also used in many other electronic devices such as radios, camera, TVs, mobile phones, and tablets. Earlier, PCBs were made from materials such as Bakelite, Masonite, layered cardboard, and thin wooden planks. Holes were drilled into the material and then flat brass wires were riveted or bolted onto the board.

According to a new market report published by Persistence Market Research "Global Market Study on Paints and Coatings: Industrial Paints and Coatings to Witness Highest Growth by 2020", the global paints and coatings market was worth USD 121.9 billion in 2013 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.5% during 2014 to 2020, to reach an estimated value of USD 176.5 billion in 2020.

According to a new market report published by Persistence Market Research "Global Market Study on Automotive Cockpit Electronics: Infotainment and Navigation Segment to Witness Highest Growth by 2020", the global automotive cockpit electronics market was worth USD 31.1 billion in 2013 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.0% during 2014 to 2020, to reach an estimated value of USD 61.5 billion in 2020.

Persistence Market Research has added another stellar report to its database titled 'Forklift Truck Market: Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2017-2021.' According this report, the growing demand for forklift trucks from end-use industries like e-commerce and construction amongst others is likely to immensely benefit the global market for forklift trucks. As per the assessment of Persistence Market Research, the global forklift truck market was estimated to be valued at US$ 41,815 Mn in 2017 and is anticipated to reach a valuation of US$ 55,890 Mn in the year 2021, displaying a CAGR of 7.5% during the assessment period 2017-2021.

The global glycerin market is estimated to be valued at US$ 1,408.5 Mn by the end of 2016 and this is expected to increase to US$ 2,144.2 Mn by 2024, registering a CAGR of 5.4%. In a new publication titled "Glycerin Market: Global Industry Analysis and Forecast, 2016 - 2024", Persistence Market Research analyzes the global glycerin market performance over an eight-year forecast period (2016–2024) and offers insights into the key factors and trends driving the market.

Automotive batteries are rechargeable batteries that supplies electric energy to automobiles, most essentially for automotive SLI (starting, lighting and ignition) system. Automotive batteries also provide power to automobile accessories such as radio, music players, air conditioners, wipers and charging plugs. Furthermore, the battery also serves as voltage stabilizer by absorbing abnormal transient voltages in vehicle electrical system. Based on the chemical composition the automotive battery market is broadly categorized in five different market segment, lithium ion (Li-ion), nickel–metal hydride (Ni-MH), nickel–cadmium (Ni-Cd), gasoline and lead-acid. The energy density per unit weight (Wh/kg) is highest in Gasoline batteries followed by Li-ion and Ni-MH and is least in Lead-Acid batteries. Lead-Acid batteries are an aging automotive battery technology. Due to its simple or mature technology coupled with fluctuating lead prices in last few years, much of the automotives batteries research is focused on drifting away from this technology.

The function of engine oil in automobiles is to reduce metal-to-metal contact in order to minimize overall friction and reduce damage. In automobile, friction is one of the major sources of engine heat, which produce more wear and deform moving engine parts. The oil in automobile engine develop a skinny, lubricating film on all metal parts that lets them move smoothly over each other thus minimizing friction. Engine oil also removes small particles of dust and other impurities present in automobile's fuels. Furthermore, it seals the gap between the pistons and the cylinder walls so that the fuel combustion is more efficient. It also coats all the moving parts of automobile engine to provide a layer of protection against rust.

Automobile gears (or cogs) are rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque. The arrangement of two or more gears forms automotive transmission system. Automotive gear oil can be petroleum or synthetic based, used especially for lubricating automotive gears for all class of vehicles. It provide high transmission efficiency, reduce engine heating, provides proper clutch friction, insure better oxidation and protects gear teethes from corrosion.

Atomic magnetometers are the devices, which are used for high sensitivity detection of magnetic fields in a large number of applications such as locating unexploded underground structures to detecting biomagnetic fields associated with heart and brain. Atomic magnetometers have shown remarkable changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems with its recent innovation in achieving maximum sensitivity for biomagnetic fields without using cryogenic cooling. This procedure has helped in developing NMR and MRI equipments with reduced size and less operating expenses. Atomic magnetometers also enable accurate prediction of studies related to drug delivery for pharmaceutical development. Currently, research activities are being conducted to develop atomic magnetometers for magnetoencephalography (MEG), in order to measure magnetic fields produced by electric impulses in the human brain.

Decubitus ulcer or pressure ulcer is an open wound on the skin. Decubitus ulcer occurs due to the breakdown of skin and underlying tissues through excessive pressure on an area of the skin. Some of the symptoms of decubitus ulcer are redness of the skin that worsens with time, and blisters on the area and then an open sore. Decubitus ulcers commonly occur on the elbows, back of the head, buttocks, heels, shoulders, hips, ankles, and back. Increasing incidences of decubitus ulcers and technological advancements in decubitus ulcer treatment products are some of the major factors driving the decubitus ulcer treatment market. Diagnosis of decubitus ulcer is based on clinical evaluation and nutritional assessment. Treatments for decubitus ulcer include pressure reduction, direct ulcer care, management of pain and control of infection, assessment of nutritional needs, and adjunctive therapy or surgery. Some of the required preventions include identification of high-risk patients, repositioning, conscientious skincare and hygiene, and avoidance of immobilization. On the basis of product, the decubitus ulcer treatment products market can be segmented into air fluidized beds, foam mattresses, alternative air pressure mattresses, low air loss beds, local area support products, and other full support products.

Brain monitoring devices refer to the medical devices that measure the activities inside the brain. These devices measure the short wave's activities inside the brain and help to detect if anything abnormal in the brain. Brain monitoring devices market is growing at a significant rate due to increase in the incidence cases of neurological disorders and growing awareness for different types of treatments available in the market. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor refers to a medical device that is placed inside the brain and is used to measure pressure inside the brain. Intracranial pressure monitors sense the pressure inside the skull and send recordings to the recorder for better analysation. This test is performed in cases with severe head injury or if there is some brain or nervous disease. Intracranial pressure monitoring is done to remove tumor if any or to check for any blood vessel injury post surgery, which may lead to swelling if left untreated. Intracranial pressure monitors market is increasing at a significant rate due to increasing prevalence of brain injury or brain or nervous disease cases. In addition, increasing awareness and technological advancements in the field are driving the global market for intracranial pressure monitors.

An allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. Allergic reactions occur when a person's immune system reacts to harmless substances called allergens in the environment. Major allergens that affect the immune system are dust mites excretion, pollen, and pet dander. There are different kinds of allergies such as food allergy, skin allergy, dust allergy, allergy to insect stings, drug allergy, and mold allergy. Food allergy is usually caused by the consumption of certain proteins found in food, and can trigger symptoms such as hives and digestive problems. Skin allergy may occur due to medication, immune system disorders, and infections, and can trigger symptoms such as itchy, red, swollen, bumpy, and scaly skin. Dust allergy is caused by dust mites, pollen, pet hair, mold, and cockroaches, and can trigger asthama symptoms. Allergy to insect stings can cause pain, swelling, and redness at the site of the sting. Drug allergy is caused by an allergic reaction of to certain ingredients in drugs, and can trigger symptoms such as skin rash, hives, itchy eyes, and facial swelling. Mold allergy is caused by the spores of small fungi floating through the air, and can trigger symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itchy mouth and sneezing. People can develop allergies at any age, although, young children are highly susceptible to allergic diseases. Some of the common symptoms of allergy are red eyes, itchiness, swelling, runny nose, and asthma attacks. Allergy diagnostics refers to determining the nature of the allergic disease and deciding on its course of treatment. Major tests used for the diagnosis of allergies are skin prick, intradermal, blood, and patch tests.

Blood is a living tissue made up of liquid, with numerous cells and proteins suspended in it. It is a circulating fluid, containing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It provides oxygen and nutrition to the body cells through capillaries, arteries, and veins. It also helps to remove metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from the body. A blood screening is a medical process in which blood is examined for a specific disease or condition. It helps to monitor diseases and prevent health issues and a variety of other conditions such as infections and cancer. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), blood type, and pregnancy screenings are the most common types of blood screening tests. Blood donor screening is the defense mechanism implemented against the spread of infection prior to blood donation. A number of blood screenings are performed in laboratories before blood or blood products are transfused. In addition, blood is cautiously screened for serious diseases, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis, when it is donated to a blood bank. Various national programs have been initiated to ensure quality assured screening of donated blood for transfusion transmissible infections. Similarly, different types of screenings are conducted for the detection of prenatal abnormalities during pregnancy. Certain chemicals or hormones may be released into the blood if the fetus has certain defects, which can be detected with the help of blood screening. Western Blot Assay, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), and Enzyme Linked Immunosarbent Assay are some of the major technologies used for blood screening. In some rare cases, a blood screening sample may be infected due to contaminated utensils, and results may be inaccurate.

Automotive Plastic holds the key to a host of safety and performance advancement in modern cars, minivan, SUVs and even HMVs. Automotive plastics are generally durable, strong, recyclable, scratch resistance, resistance to abrasion, improve vibration and noise control and allows design, molding and integration of components in automobiles. In modern cars plastic constitute almost 50% of the total volume of the car but contribute only 10% of the total weight of cars which makes cars lighter and increase the overall fuel efficiency. Modern automotive plastic however have much broader application including passenger safety, passenger convenience and overall manufacturing cost reduction. Automotive plastic are used in bumpers seats, dashboard, fuel systems, body panels, under-bonnet components, interior trim, electrical components, exterior trim, lighting, upholstery and liquid reservoirs. Further, the developments in the field of tough and durable automotive plastic are expected to increase use of plastic in modern cars. As for interiors, plastics have proven to be a great material for making comfortable, durable and aesthetically gratifying interior components.

Airbag is one of the automotive safety devices. Automotive airbag consists of flexible fabric envelope or cushion that is designed to inflate at the time of vehicle collision while driving. Main purpose of automotive airbag is to cushion driver during vehicle crash and protect the body when the body strike the interior objects of the vehicle such as the steering, wheel or window. Modern vehicle are designed with multiple airbags situated in different side and frontal location of the person driving the vehicle. Automotive airbags are deployed with sensor which activates the airbags according to the type and severity of the collusion. Modern vehicle consists of airbag control unit which monitors different parts within the vehicle such as wheel speed, side door and break pressure.

Automotive multi-wheel drive, also known as all wheel drive (AWD), refers to a specific class of vehicle in which all the wheels of the vehicle receive torque directly from the internal combustion engine (IC engine). The multi wheel drive automobile is based on an electro-hydraulic multi-plate clutch (or Haldex) technology. Multi wheel drive automobile are controlled through an electronic control system that react immediately to adjust wheel traction by changing the locking arrangement of the Haldex clutch. Haldex clutch can allocate up to 50 percent of the drive torque to any of the wheels present in a multi wheel drive automobile.

Vehicle engine which uses liquid petroleum gas (LPG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) as a secondary fuel are termed as CNG and LPG vehicle. Internal combustion engines running on LPG or CNG are well-proven technologies and work similar to conventional fuel-powered spark ignition engines. Both LPG and CNG are mostly used in spark-ignition engines for bi-fuelled vehicles (vehicles that can operate on more than one fuel type). CNG and LPG are also getting popularity in compression-ignition engines based vehicle such as diesel operated heavy-duty vehicles.

Electric shaver is an electrical device, which is used for shaving purpose, for removal of unwanted hair from body with oscillating or rotating blades behind a metal guard. Electric shaver provides the most convenient means of shaving. Electric shavers generally come in foil shavers and rotary shaver. In foil electric shaver, two or more cutting blades arranged on top, which move back and forth in a vibrating mode under a foil with small holes that catch and cut the hairs. The other kind is the rotary shaver, which on its faceplate that has one or more round cutting heads with blades rotating under a grid with holes where the hair collected and cut off by the rotating cutting blades.

People use aquarium and aquarium accessories to keep fishes, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles and aquatic plants. Most of the aquariums are made of glass panes, however nowadays acrylic aquaria are a primary competitor for glass. Acrylic are stronger than glasses and also weigh less along with certain amount of temperature insulation.

Low-fat yogurt is one of the mostly consumed yogurt which is low in calories as well as contains various beneficial nutrients as well as probiotics that helps in boosting the overall health of the individual. Low-fat yogurt contains around twelve grams of protein in an eight ounce product which provides essential amino acids which are necessary for maintaining muscle tissue. Low-fat yogurt is usually consumed by individuals which are having major diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes or any heart related problems and people who want to lose weight as it contains 14 milligrams of cholesterol which is also considered as an easy part of low-fat diet. Low-fat yogurt is cheaper as compared with the conventional yogurt. Probiotics are the live bacteria which are beneficial for the body and is mostly found in low-fat yogurt and associated products. Low-fat yogurt is a rich source of protein as compared with conventional yogurt. Low-fat yogurt based food products does not have complications on blood sugar level than products made from conventional yogurt. Demand for low-fat yogurt is gaining more popularity in the consumers worldwide which are highly having heart related problems. Low-Fat Yogurt is boosting as an alternative for conventional yogurt along with gaining wide importance in the food and beverage industry. Low-fat yogurt contains high fiber content that makes it significantly permeable in various food recipes globally.

Security is one of the major concerns for the national and state governments globally. Maritime security is one of the majorly used security system involved in the prevention from intentional damage through sabotage, subversion or terrorism. Maritime security system is essential for the protection of nation's security. Recently, is has become much important for every country to defend against increasing maritime threats such as terrorist threats, environmental destruction, illegal seaborne immigration and transnational criminal and piracy threats. Crime against ship is one of the biggest concerns for the maritime security professional operating the system.

Microbial identification is scientific method of precise and definitive detection of microorganisms, such as bacteria, pathogen, and viruses. Microbial identification method is widely adopted in heath care and treatment such as disease diagnosis, infection treatments and identification of disease epidemic related with microbial infections. Some of the other applications of bacterial identification include microbial forensics, food safety, potable water safety, crime detection and investigations, bioterrorism identification and various other environmental studies such as soil pollution and air pollution.

Bauxite popularly known as aluminum ore is the major source of aluminum. Bauxite is a mixture of minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore, iron oxides such as goethite and hematite, clay mineral kaolinite and some amounts of anatase. Bauxite are found majorly in the tropical and sub-tropical regions such as Africa, West Indies, South America, Australia, Asian countries such as India and China and some parts of Europe (in small quantity). Australia is the largest producer and exporter of bauxite globally, with five bauxite mine contributing more than one fourth of the global bauxite production. There are five steps involved in the extraction of bauxite starting with preparation of bauxite area, secondly, bauxite mining, crushing, ore transportation and lastly rehabilitation of land. On an average one square meter of land can extract one metric ton of aluminum.