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Edema is a term associated with swelling caused due to infection or inflammation of tissues. It occurs when small blood vessels leak fluids, which are stored in surrounding tissues leading to swelling. Edema can be caused due injury, pregnancy, certain heart, kidney or liver disease, and cerebral edema. Medications such as NSAIDS, calcium channel blockers, and corticosteroids used to treat certain diseases can also cause edema. Treatment lies in the understanding of the underlying cause of edema. Mild edema can be cured, without any medication, by raising the affected limb higher than the heart. Severe edema, however, is treated with drugs that help rid the body of excess fluid in the form of urine. These drugs usually include diuretics. Long-term management of edema is required to treat the underlying cause of the ailment. Macular edema is one of the common types of edema observed in diabetic patients. If untreated, it can lead to blindness in diabetic patients. Macular edema is either treated with laser therapy or by medications such as corticosteroids.

Drug discovery is a process that involves generating of a large volume of information and data. Several innovative technologies are used for this data generation. With the use of cloud-based technologies, it is now possible to process, store, and analyze a large volume of data at a low cost. The pathway analysis of drug discovery includes the identification of potential drug targets associated with diseases, applications in biomarker studies, and the study of protein interactions. Various biomarkers in drug discovery are included because biomarkers indicates a change in expression studies, this informatics helps in categorization of potential biomarkers. They are used to identify new targets; validate the new targets; identify the biomolecules in regulatory pathways; offer decisions for molecular designs; and explore new indications to existing new targets. In the next few years, shortage of information technology and aspects of the data evaluation can hamper the global demand.

Coagulation factor testing is generally performed to identify the presence of coagulation activity in a person which is associated with the control of blood clotting. Coagulation factor assay testing helps in identifying low level of coagulation factor activity, which is associated with excess bleeding and reduced clot formation. On the other hand, high level of coagulation factor activity is linked with increased clot formation, also known as thrombosis. It acts as a barrier during thromboembolism. Coagulation factor assay tests are carried out to identify deficiency of certain factors associated with certain chronic and acute diseases. These factors include fibrinogen, Factor II, Factor III, and others.

Osmometry is a laboratory technique employed to measure the concentration of particles, i.e., osmolar concentration in a solution. The osmolar concentration is expressed in two ways: osmolality and osmolarity. Osmometer is a laboratory instrument used to measure the osmotic concentration of aqueous solution, colloid, or compound. Osmometers can process different volumes of samples ranging from 250 microliters to 20 microliters within a short duration of time and produce the outputs within 60 to 90 seconds. Osmometer is available in three different operational technologies: freezing point technology, vapor pressure technology, and membrane technology. Each technology has its own merits and demerits. These technological advancements in osmometers improve the efficiency of work by reducing the turnaround time and enabling automated processing of multiple samples at a time. Osmometers have a wide range of applications in medical sciences for diagnosis of diseases; in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry for drug discovery and development against specific disease indications; and in research laboratories for determining the concentration of various components in solutions. In hospitals and diagnostics laboratories, these instruments are widely used for analyzing the concentration of specific components in blood and serum samples, plasma samples, and urine samples.

Hepatorenal syndrome or HRS is a medical condition characterized by progressive renal failure in patients with chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis. It is a life-threatening and serious complication of cirrhosis. Patients suffering from HRS generally do not show any recognizable cause of kidney dysfunction as the kidneys themselves are not structurally damaged. It can be termed as “functional” form of kidney impairment. Patients suffering from hepatorenal syndrome generally does show a number of symptoms such as abdominal pain, fatigue, and malaise. Persons who are seriously affected also show symptoms such as yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes just similar to jaundice, an extremely enlarged liver and spleen, and accumulation of the fluid in the abdomen called as ascites.

Chronic drooling is involuntary release of saliva from the mouth. Drooling can take place due to different medical conditions that lead to impairment of neuromuscular control of muscles around the mouth. These medical conditions weaken the muscles in and around the mouth, which increases salivation. An example of neuromuscular loss of control is cerebral palsy, wherein the oral neuromuscular control is affected. This leads to involuntary drooling. Some other prominent medical conditions that may result in drooling are autism, ALS, Down syndrome, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. Drooling is common in infants due to undeveloped muscular control. Drooling is medically of two types: ptyalism and sialorrhea. A few prominent causes of drooling include strep throat, infectious mononucleosis, sinus infections, and peritonsillar abscess formation. The treatment of patients suffering from drooling can be successfully carried out in health care centers by a physical therapist, pediatric dentist, otolaryngologist, and speech pathologist. The treatment for drooling comprises medical management for correcting the oral motor dysfunction and assisting in decreasing the volume of salivary gland secretion.

Dobanic acid is an organic compound, which belongs to the class of surfactants. Dobanic acid is also known as benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, dodecyl ester or lauryl benzenesulfonic acid. Dobanic acid is available in a white powder form. Its solution is mostly colorless. Sodium forms a minor part of dobanic acid, due to which it is widely used as an efficient detergent.

Methanesulfonic acid, also called methane sulfonic acid, is a colorless liquid considered to be an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid and methylsulfonylmethane. It can dissolve a wide range of metal salts. Methanesulfonic acid is a non-volatile and strong acid which is soluble in organic solvents and therefore used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions. It occurs in a liquid form at ambient temperatures, which adds a wide range of applications to its repertoire.

Europic chloride is also known as Europium trichloride, Europium chloride (EuCl3), Europium chloride (Eu2Cl6), Europium chloride (VAN), and Europium (III) chloride anhydrous. Europium is available in high quality minerals such as calcium aluminum silicates. It is a soft and silvery metal such as lead. Europium is known to be the rarest and most reactive earth metals (minerals, monazite, bastnasite, xenotime, and loparite). Monazite metal comprises rare earth elements (up to 50% concentrations). Monazite can be found in river sand in countries such as Brazil, South Africa, and India. Bastnasite is also one of the rarest earth metal found in the desert called Mojave in California. Europium is primarily used in light emitting compounds called phosphors.

Sodium pyrophosphate is an odorless, colorless, and transparent crystal or white powder with chemical formula Na4P2O7. It is also called tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP. Sodium pyrophosphate is a salt consisting of pyrophosphate and sodium ions. Phosphoric acid is chemically reacted with sodium carbonate to produce disodium phosphate, which is then further heated at a certain temperature to form sodium pyrophosphate. Its toxicity is quite similar to that of common table salt due to presence of sodium; however, its toxicity level rises to double that of the table salt when ingested orally. Sodium pyrophosphate is a source of phosphorus as a nutrient.

Automobile electrical systems have steadily evolved over the past few years and currently they integrate automatic computer controls of vehicles. In the initial days, automotive electrical systems consisted of only basic wiring equipment and machinery that were primarily used in order to distribute power to other parts of the vehicle. Wires, switches, controlled motors and relays were the key constituents; however, now, automotive electrical systems include sensors, alternators, actuators, battery, generator, oxygen sensors, starter drive, high power electrical systems, starter solenoid and other devices.

Aerostructures are the structural components of an aircraft's body frame or airframe. Aerostructures help an aircraft to withstand the aerodynamic forces during flight, and thus includes all the components that helps an aircraft to fly. The propulsion systems, wings, flight control surfaces, fuselages, and empennage are some of the aerostructures present on any aircraft body. The global aerostructure market is driven by the increased deliveries of new aircrafts along with demand for spare parts for old aircrafts.

The aircraft brake system is a critical component of an aircraft and plays a vital role in aircraft handling operations such as takeoff, landing, and taxiing while the aircraft is on the ground. The brakes are not only useful in slowing down the aircraft and further stopping it, but also offer a reliable way of restraining the aircraft from gaining motion during engine run-ups. Moreover, the advanced aircraft braking systems, currently employed in civil and defense aircraft, also allow steering of the aircraft on the ground by means of differential braking. Aircraft brake systems are mostly deployed on the main wheels of an aircraft and on the rotor in case of helicopters. The modern aircraft brake system has evolved from merely an assembly of cables and mechanical links operated through a single lever as a braking system in older aircraft, to a system comprising multiple systems components, ranging from hydraulic pumps to master cylinders.

Power distribution system is a very important portion of the electrical power system in delivery of electricity to the consumers. Automation in distribution field allows utilities to implement bendable control of the distribution system, which could be used for the purpose of enhancing the efficiency, quality, and reliability of electric service. Currently, worldwide r&d efforts are truly focused in the areas of communication technologies application and revolution in the distribution automation for the purpose of making distribution automation more efficient, intelligent and cost effective. The growth of distribution feeder automation market is highly reliant on the growth of overall commercial and industrial sector globally.

Beacon is actually an intentionally noticeable device which is designed for the purpose of attracting the attention to that specific location. This can easily be combined with semaphoric or other types of indicators to provide very important information, like the status of the airport, by the rotational pattern and color of the airport beacon, or of the pending weather as mentioned on the weather beacon attached at the top of a tall building or kind of similar site. When used in such manner, beacons can be considered a form of the optical telegraphy. The growth of beacon lights market is highly reliant on the growth of overall industrial sector and defense communication market globally.

3D time of flight tools, products and development kits facilitates the next generation of the machine vision with the actual 3D imaging depth camera. Starting from the robotic navigation to the building automation and gesture recognition, 3D time of flight chipsets does allow maximum flexibility to customize every facet of the camera's design. The growth of 3d time-of-flight image sensor market is highly reliant on the growth of overall machine vision and industrial automation market globally.

Automobile is a dominant industry in the world and is growing at a significant pace. Tires are an integral component of the automobile industry. A tire is a ring-shaped or circular component that surrounds the rim of the wheel in a vehicle. Tires transfer the total load of the vehicle from its axles to the ground through the wheel and also provide traction over the surface travelled. Most of the tires are pneumatically inflated which serve as a flexible cushion that absorbs shocks when the tire rolls over a rough surface. Tires are made of fabric, wires, natural rubber, and synthetic rubber along with several chemical compounds such as carbon black. A tire consists of a body that serves as a containment vessel for compressed air, and a tread that provides traction to it. Tires are of two types: bias and radial.

There has been a growing demand for automotive compact camera module, particularly in commercial vehicles since the recent past. Automobile manufacturers are emphasizing on adoption of compact camera module as a replacement for rear & side view mirrors, which in turn is anticipated to create new growth opportunities for the automotive compact camera module market globally in the foreseeable future.

Embedded controllers is a system component built on the device and performs all the necessary operations not performed by the processing unit. It helps in creating an energy saving system along with high processing power. Embedded controllers are an essential component of various industrial control systems. Increased deployments of embedded systems around the globe have increased the demand for embedded controllers during recent years.

Ethyl linalyl acetate is a colorless, clear liquid chemical used as a perfuming agent and fragrance ingredient. It is a more refined alternative to linalyl acetate. Ethyl linalyl acetate is one of the most versatile and useful esters. It is softer, floral, more bergamot and less lavender than linalyl acetate and has an elegant, refreshing effect in floral bouquets. Ethyl linalyl acetate is increasingly being in perfumery, and seems not only to substitute linalyl acetate in many cases, but is useful in many applications. On the other hand, linalyl acetate has limitations in soaps and floral fragrances. The compound has greater stability, richer odor, and better tenacity. It also blends excellently with the conventional perfume and soap perfume materials with almost no limits of application.

The embedded displays are utilized to execute color display interface that offers different features such as an embedded functionality, touch screen and smart graphic user interface, which is affordable for mass manufacturing. These displays have the capacity of saving power with higher efficiency and deliver flexibility. It is observed that a dramatic growth in the number of automated equipment and systems in different types of industries, which has contributed to the expansion of the embedded display market.

One of the major growth factor for the adoption of software defined security is the growing concern amongst the organizations using the virtual infrastructure and services of a cloud based system. The software defined security system is used by the enterprises to automate their network security management. Due to the growing usage of the cloud technology, many enterprises are demanding security solutions that are easy to manage, can be highly customized and provide security without the presence of any hardware.

The cost of providing quality healthcare is rising and this issue is faced by even the developed countries of the West. Hence providing efficient, quality and cost-effective healthcare is a priority for all. However, there is a lack of adequate funding for healthcare due to political, economic and other governance related compulsions and thus the healthcare system has to operate within this restraint. Also, even though healthcare funding and health insurance programs exist, there is a steep increase in the cost of providing quality healthcare. Due to these reasons, healthcare providers are opting for the adoption of cost curbing tools such as healthcare clinical analytics.

Across the world, efforts to curb growing population concerns has escalated in the past decade the trend is expected to continue in the near future, which is providing tremendous thrust on the global plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), according to the lead analyst of a fresh business intelligence study by Persistent Market Research (PMR). The report has detected that customers are now aware of their duty when it comes to reducing pollution levels and at the same time, governments are offering subsidies for the investors of green energy. Consequently, the demand in the global plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is projected to increment at an eye-catching CAGR of 13.4% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022. As per the estimations of the PMR report, the opportunities in this market would constitute for a revenue of US$20,000 mn by the end of the forecast period, 2022.

Automotive fuel delivery injection systems are considered as a sustainable means to reduce carbon emissions. By achieving the perfect balance between fuel and air mixture, these systems manage the fuel delivery efficiently, controlling the emission of hazardous gasses from unburnt fuel and optimizing the mileage of the vehicle.