Seattle, WA -- (SBWire) -- 10/02/2019 --Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a highly contagious disease. It is mostly spread through person to person contact and can be classified into latent TB in which person patient do not show any symptoms and active TB in which the patient shows clinical symptoms. Some of the common symptoms of TB are cough, fever, night sweats, hemoptysis (coughing up blood-stained fatigue, weight loss, chest pain, and shortness of breath. TB can be classified into depending upon the symptoms as pulmonary TB and subcutaneous TB. Depending on the resistance it can be classified as multidrug-resistant TB and extended drug-resistant TB. Tuberculosis can be diagnosed by performing various test such as skin test, interferon-gamma release assays or polymerase chain reaction test. Initial treatment of TB include drugs such as pyrazinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol, and rifampicin. Currently there is no TB vaccine is available commercially, however, children are vaccinated with BCG vaccine as a part of a precautionary measure. However, the BCG vaccine has limited usage and variable efficacy in both adults and children. Many TB vaccines are under the stage of development, which are expected to create growth opportunity to the market of tuberculosis vaccine in the near future.

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Tuberculosis has recorded the highest rate of death as it is a highly infectious disease across the globe. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) factsheet 2018 on TB, 10.4 million people fell ill with TB in 2016 and 1.7 million people with TB died in the same year. More than 95% of TB deaths occur in low- and middle-income economies. Deaths caused due to TB also includes the death of 0.4 million people infected with HIV. Such high number of patients across the world confirms the enormity of disease and urgent requirements for vaccines worldwide. Therefore, the launch of tuberculosis vaccine would gain significant revenue and in turn, would propel the market growth. According to a global report on tuberculosis vaccine in 2018, TB costs around US$ 21 billion annually to the global economy.

Another important impetus to tuberculosis vaccine market would be the current complex drug regime and resistance TB has created to this drug regime. TB patient require more than 2-3 drugs for a prolonged treatment duration of 6 months in order to overcome the infection. Often this results in poor patient compliance and eventually leads to drug resistance incidence which further deteriorate the TB. According to WHO, there were nearly 600,000 new cases with resistance to rifampicin antibiotic, which was the most effective the first-line drug in 2017, of which around 490,000 had MDR-TB globally. If effective steps won't be taken by 2050, MDR-TB alone could cost the world US$ 16.7 trillion as per global report on tuberculosis vaccine 2018.

Toxicity of the drug due to high doses and prolonged treatment is a major concern associated with current TB drugs. Though the cost of TB drug is not a major issue in developing nations thanks to government support and free medication, however, it is a matter of concern in developed countries such as the Europe and U.S. Rising recognization of TB's fatality by the governmental organization and national government is expected to profound funding for TB vaccine research. Therefore, rising research and development programs for the production of an advanced vaccine for TB by companies and intergovernmental organizations are further projected to propel the market growth of tuberculosis vaccine. For instance, areas is an NGO, which supports TB vaccine development and has helped develop 9 TB vaccine candidates and conducted over 35 Phase 1-2b clinical trials.

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Middle East and low-income nations in the Asia Pacific and Africa are expected to lucrative growth opportunity as TB is most prevalent in this region. According to the World Health Organization factsheet 2018 on TB, countries such as India, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, and South Africa accounts for around 64% of the total TB deaths. Also, this region accounts for the high number of HIV positive population living in this region. Around 40% of deaths among HIV-positive people were due to TB in 2016 as per WHO. Hence, the tuberculosis vaccine is assumed to prove most the beneficial market for these regions and in turn would fuel the growth of tuberculosis vaccine market. Government support in the form of initiatives and support to stop TB incidence would accelerate the production of vaccine and also would increase accessibility for such vaccines. India, which accounts for half a million global TB deaths has launched the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB Elimination 2017-2025 to combat TB. India also formed India TB

Research Consortium to boost TB vaccine and medication research. Developed regions such as North America accounts for a significant number of TB patients. According to the Centre for Disease Control, a total of 9,093 TB cases were reported in the U.S. in 2017. MDR-TB and XDR-TB accounted for approximately US$ 160,000 and US$ 513,000 respectively for the treatment of each patient. An effective vaccine against TB would gain significant traction in countries such as the U.S.

Many organization and research center are taking initiatives to produce more advanced tuberculosis vaccine to deal with the TB. At present, there are fourteen TB vaccines under clinical trials, out of which one investigational candidate named Vaccae from China is in phase whereas the other three are in late phase 2. Most of the studies are conducted in academic and research institutes which will be ultimately transferred to commercial companies for effective distribution and access. Moreover, manufacturers also enhancing the performance of current BCG vaccines, in order to target TB by bringing recombinant vaccine product.

Some of the key players in the tuberculosis vaccine market include GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Pasture, Longcom Enterprise Ltd, Biofabri, Valneva plc, and Archivel Farma S.L

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