Albany, NY -- (SBWIRE) -- 08/17/2016 -- Biodefense is a measure to combat the potential effects of bioterrorism that utilizes biological agents, or deploys biological weaponry. Bioterrorism is a deliberate release of biological agents such as bacteria, virus, germs or toxins which may be in natural or human modified form, in order to make them more virulent, or to enhance their potential to cause infection, or to make them drug resistant. These biological agents can be transmittedthrough water, air, food or from person to person.Biodefense is usually utilized in two ways, either as a defense against an attack on a military target or civil population. Defense against an attack on acivilian is largely based on the detection and methods by which casualties and loss of water or food can be minimized. Biodefense against an attack on military targets is concerned with preparing military personnelready to respond to bioterrorism.

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Biological agents are classified into three categories on the basis of virulence as given below:

Category A,(high death rate, contagious and high impact on people)
Anthrax,botulism,smallpox, tularemia,bubonic plague, ebola

Category B(moderately easy to spread and low mortality rate)
Brucellosis,glanders, typhus, melioidosis

Category C(easily produced ,easily available,easily disseminateand high mortality rate)
Hantavirus, SARS, Nipah Virus, HIV/AIDS and H1N1 virus

Techniques used for commercial detection and identification of biological threat agents include:

Manual Biochemical Tests
Automated Biochemical Tests
Immunological Detection Devices

Solid-support platforms

BV technology
Bio-Detector
DELFIA
Lateral flow platforms

Nucleic Acid Detection via Quantitative PCR
Q-PCRthermocycler platforms
PCR reagent kits for biothreat agents

Bioluminescence Detection

Developing technologies for detection of biothreat agent include:

Biochemical Detection

Immunological Detection
Antibodies and fragments
Aptamers and peptide ligands
Flow cytometry
Biochip arrays
Surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors
Evanescent-wave biosensors
Cantilever and acoustic wave
Quantum dots and upconverting phosphors

Nucleic Acid Detection
Tissue and Cell-Based Detection
Chemical and Physical Detection

The global biodefense market is witnessing an admirable growth due to the disease surveillance mission which has become increasingly important with the fear of bioterrorism. After the attack of September 11, 2001 came the subsequent outbreak of anthrax, spores of which were mailed through the U.S. postal system. These events brought into notice that all levels of government need to focus on improving public health preparedness and to improve the response time for the next disaster. Bioterrorism preparedness funding has enabled the Public Health Services to significantly enhance the reach of its surveillance activities, thus more effectively monitor the community's health. After the incidence, the focus was shifted to the development of tests and procedures to detect and identify bio threat agents. Recent outbreak in the form of Ebola and nuclear crisis in Japan are expected to significantly drive the growth of the biodefense market.

In terms of geography, North America followed by Europe accounted for the largest share of biodefense market due to enhanced lab capabilities, and improved activity for implementing rapid health alert system. Asia Pacific is expected to be a prospective biodefense market due to the rising adoption rate of precise analytical instruments and highly developing biotechnology industry. Moreover, other regions such as the Middle East and Latin America are expected to be the potential market in the near future due to expansion of major biotechnology players in these regions.

Some of the major players in biodefense market are Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Acambis plc, Dynavax Technologies, Inc, Evogen, Inc., Emergent BioSolutions, Human Genome Sciences, SIGA Technologies, and PharmAthene, Inc.

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