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Live attenuated vaccines are prepared by weakening the bacterial or viral strains using stable mutations. This technology does not kill the microorganism. It removes the disease causing ability of the microorganism. The live attenuated vaccine elicits the immune system in a vaccinated individual. Live attenuated vaccines are used to prevent diseases such as tuberculosis, yellow fever, retroviral, measles, polio, and others. Initiatives by governments of various countries has significantly decreased the number of polio cases across the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), since 1988, polio cases have decreased by over 99%. In 2016, only 37 cases were reported as compared to 350,000 in 1988. Over 16 million people have been saved from paralysis attack due to polio. Failure of completely eradicate polio is likely to result in more than 200,000 new cases within 10 years.

Low molecular weight heparin is derived from an unfractionated heparin with an average molecular weight of less than 8,000 Da. Low molecular weight heparins are extracted by enzymatic or chemical depolymerization of unfractionated heparin. Low molecular weight heparins have fewer side effects as compared to unfractionated heparins, which involve lesser risk of heparin-induced osteopenia and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Currently, low molecular weight heparin forms the standard of care drugs and is widely used for the treatment and prophylaxis of arterial and venous thrombosis. Dose consideration for low molecular weight heparin depends on a patient’s weight. In 2014, researchers at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the University of North Carolina (UNC) developed a synthetic form of low molecular weight heparin that is safe and can be reversed in activity using an antidote called protamine. According to the research, this synthetic heparin is safer and cheaper than the available heparin which is derived from animals.

Nasal atomizer devices are used to administer drugs through the nasal mucosa. Drug delivery used for topical treatment of nasal diseases such as sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. The nasal route of administration is considered in certain cases over the conventional oral route due to the fact that rapid absorption of the drug takes place with more efficient drug administration. Therefore, it is a more desired route of administration for noninvasive vaccination and target specific drug delivery. The nasal route addresses restraints of poor drug bioavailability, slow absorption rate, drug degradation, and adverse events in the gastrointestinal tract.

Nephropathic cystinosis is the leading lysosomal storage disorder caused due to malfunctioning lysosomal membrane transfusion, and it assists as a prototype for a small group of lysosomal transportation disorders. The disease leads to intracellular growth of cysteine in all tissues and organs. Nephropathic cystinosis is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder with lysosomal storing of the amino acid cysteine due to a deficiency in the membrane transfusion protein, cystinosis. Meanwhile the accessibility to cysteine-depleting medical therapy and the introduction of kidney transplants, to nephropathic cystinosis formerly fatal disease was transformed into a curable disease. Renal allografts and medical therapy targeting the basic metabolic deficit have transformed the natural history of nephropathic cystinosis so drastically that patients have extended a life expectancy past 50 years. Infantile nephropathic cystinosis is the most recurrent and severe form of cystinosis. Nephropathic cystinosis’s symptoms usually become deceptive within the second half of the first year of life. Precise symptoms can be severe or mild based on individual cases and the stage when management of nephropathic cystinosis is started.

Nucleic acids are one of several macromolecules found in the body in addition to fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. A nucleic acid is a polymer composed of four nucleotides linked together in a long chain known as polynucleotide. A nucleic acid consists of DNA, RNA, and protein. The extraction and purging of nucleic acids are regularly utilized strategies to isolate genetic material from tissues, microscopic organisms, plants, and infections for imperative, explanatory, indicative, and preparative downstream procedures. Among these techniques, plasmid DNA extraction was the first to be recorded to have utilized the tedious alkaline extraction protocol. Generally, successful refining of nucleic acids involves four important steps viz. effective disruption of cells or tissues, denaturation of nucleoprotein complexes, inactivation of nucleases (for example, RNase for RNA extraction and DNase for DNA extraction), and decontamination. The recent point-of-care diagnostics (POC-Dx) is a new approach aimed at replacement of sophisticated analytical machinery with micro-analytical systems, and able to be used near the patient, at the point of care or point of need.

Blood pressure is the strength of the blood pushing against the sides of the blood vessels. When the pressure is high, it gives extra pressure to the arteries and this may lead to strokes and attacks. Blood pressure monitoring plays an important role in detecting the health problems of a patient. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury. Every blood pressure reading consists of two numbers or levels. The first number is called systolic pressure and the second number is called diastolic pressure. The numeric difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called pulse pressure. High blood pressure and low blood pressure are the two types of blood pressure depending on pressure fluctuation. The higher the patient’s blood pressure, the higher the risk of health problems. Fluctuation of pressure in vital areas of the body may cause various chronic and acute diseases such as diabetes and cardiac arrest. The normal reading of a blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg.

The top three leading players in the global waterproofing admixtures market are Mapei S.p.A, BASF SE, and SIKA AG. These players collectively held a share of 34.9% in 2015 in the global market. The aggressive marketing strategies of these players and their strong research and development activities have helped them maintain the leadership in the global market. In the coming years, several players in the global market are expected to focus on the development of highly efficient products that will deliver improved durability to structures by enhancing their water resistance, states Transparency Market Research.

The global market for epoxy resins banks on the multifarious applications of epoxy resins across several industrial, commercial, and residential uses. The epoxy resins having low molecular composition are pre-polymers and the ones with high molecular weight are polymers.

Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) ester is a polyether compound manufactured by reacting polyethylene glycol with a fatty acid. Polyethyleneglycol esters consist of a hydrophilic part of surfactants and a lipophilic part of fatty acids. PEG oleates and stearates are superior emulsifiers. By changing the molecular weight of PEG and fatty acids, surfactants covering a wide range of high lipophilic balance value can be produced. (PEG) esters are primarily employed in the manufacture of products such as lubricants (for example, cutting oil and metalworking fluids), solvent cleaners, emulsifiers, pigment dispersants, and additives.

Global Plastic Processing Machinery Market: Overview

Medical robotics is an advanced discipline within the field of robotics which involves the development of robots that can perform various medical tasks. It has the potential to relieve strain on many health care systems by automating tasks, freeing up health care workers. Medical robots can also be stand-ins for doctors and nurses for certain types of health care, such as triage in an emergency room. The application of robotic systems for surgery is a part of computer-integrated surgery systems, wherein the robot represents a single element of a larger system designed to assist a surgeon in carrying out a surgical procedure.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is a non-essential amino acid that is widely used as a food additive. The compound is usually available as monohydrate in a white, crystalline powder form. MSG is readily soluble in water, but does not absorb moisture. It is not soluble in most organic solvents. MSG is not broken down during cooking and is stable during normal food processing conditions. It occurs naturally in many foods such as soy beans, fish, mushrooms, asparagus, tomatoes, seaweed, sugar beets, and cheese.

In 2015, Victrex plc held the dominant share of 66.3% in the global polyetheretherketone (PEEK) market. This defined the highly consolidated vendor landscape of the market. Solvay S.A., which emerged as the second lead in the same here was far behind occupying a little over 14% of the overall market. Among other companies making their presence felt in the overall polyetheretherketone market, Evonik Industries and Panjin Zhongrun High Performance Engineering Plastic Co., Ltd have a stronger foothold, finds Transparency Market Research (TMR) in a new report.

With a large number of players, the global market for preservative blends demonstrates a fragmented and a competitive landscape, finds a research report by Transparency Market Research (TMR).

Squalane is an oil-free, high end moisturizing agent used in various personal care products, especially cosmetics. It is also employed in the manufacture of vaccines. Squalane has been traditionally extracted from the liver of deep-water sharks. About a ton of squalane is produced from the livers of approximately 3,000 sharks. In line with this requirement, approximately 6 million deep-water sharks are killed a year in order to fulfil the global demand for nearly 2,500 tons of squalane per annum.

Several players in the global thermal barrier coatings market are engaging in long-term contracts and continual research and development activities to sustain in this highly competitive arena, observes Transparency Market Research (TMR) in a new study. To put this in perspective, A &A Company Inc. in one of the suppliers of ceramic coatings for valve balls to the U.S. Navy. Some other prominent companies operating in the market are H.C. Starck Inc., Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Praxair Surface Technologies Inc., ASB Industries Inc., Metallisation Ltd., Flame Spray Coating Co., Metallizing Equipment Co. Pvt. Ltd., Thermion Inc., and The Fisher-Barton Group.

Zinc carbonate, also known as zinc monocarbonate, zinc spar, or natural smithsonite, is an odorless compound that is soluble in diluted acids but insoluble in alcohol and ammonia. It finds application in different end-use industries ranging from the rubber industry to cosmetic industry.

According to a new research study by Transparency Market Research (TMR), the rivalry between Johnson Matthey, Henkel AG & Co. KgaA, Heraeus Holding, and Kester define the competitive landscape of the global market for solder flux. A large number of established players with state-of-art technical capabilities operate in this highly fragmented market.

Surging demand for micronized PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) from various industries such as medical, pharmaceutical, and automotive, is expected to drive growth of the global micronized PTFE market. A recent report by Persistence Market Research (PMR) estimated the global micronized PTFE market to register an impressive 6.1% CAGR during the forecast period 2017 to 2025. The market will reach revenues worth US$ 380.4 Mn in 2017, by 2025 this number is estimated to surpass US$ 600 Mn.

Persistence Market Research has analyzed various facts associated with bulgur market from a global standpoint and has skilfully presented them in its new research publication titled "Bulgur Market: Global Industry Analysis (2012-2016) and Forecast (2017-2025)". The comprehensive research report on bulgur market covers several trends, opportunities, drivers as well as challenges or restraints that have a direct influence on the growth of the global market for bulgur.

Ethylhexyl stearate also known as 2- Ethylhexyl Octadecanoate or Octyl stearate is a palm derivative which is renewable in nature and is extensively used in personal care industry. The stearate esters are prepared by the reaction between stearic acid and alcohol such as isopropyl, ethylhexyl, myistyl alcohol, cetyl, butyl among others. Stearic acid can be obtained form from animal origin as well as vegetable fats.

A new report published by Persistence Market Research analyzes the global bromelain market and presents a comprehensive value and volume forecast for the period 2017 to 2025. The report titled 'Bromelain Market: Global Industry Analysis (2012 – 2016) and Forecast (2017 – 2025)' highlights important metrics and also provides information on the drivers, restraints, and trends anticipated to impact market demand and consequently revenue growth over the assessment period.

Supplements comprise those products which are used to improve, enhance and - offer support to any kind of deficiency in the human body. Supplements are generally offered to the consumers in the form of pills, capsules, softgels or in powdered or liquid form. Supplements can be segmented on the basis of type which includes herbal supplements and natural supplements.

Catcher chest protectors are protective pads worn by sportspersons such as baseball catchers and sports umpires to protect their torso from injuries. Professional and semi-professional baseball catchers habitually wear chest protectors. However, the protective gear can also be used by softball, cricket and hockey players to protect themselves from the impact of a ball. Apart from shielding a player from the physical injuries related to ball impact, the catcher chest protectors are aimed at protecting sportspersons from a rare and sudden heart condition known as commotio cordis. Commotio cordis, also sometimes designated as a cardiac concussion is a type of ventricular fibrillation, and is the second leading cause of cardiovascular death for children and adolescents who play sports.

Invisible orthodontics are products which utilize clear or transparent aligners or braces to adjust teeth as a substitute to traditional dental braces. In the recent years, the emphasis on aesthetic dentistry has substantially increased owing to the consumer preference for procedures and products which are either visually appealing or such that they only subtly modify the appearance of an individual. Orthodontics has seen a noticeable shift from product driven to patient driven industry. Moreover, an increasing number of individuals are opting for orthodontic treatments across the globe.