Advanced batteries and fuel cells supplies power to portable and stationary power supplies, uninterruptable power systems; and military equipment and vehicles. Fuel cells are basically electrochemical devices that combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. Unlike batteries, they can continuously generate and supply electricity till the time fuel source is connected to it. Based on type, the battery materials can be classified into metals (lead, steel, antimony, zinc and other metals), chemicals (metallic chemicals, other chemicals), polymers (polyolefins, fluoroploymers and other polymers) carbon/graphite; and other materials (silica, glass fibers, ceramics; and others). Based on function, battery materials can be classified under five segments namely active materials, current collectors, containers, electrolytes, performance additives, separators; and others. Based on application they can be classified under two segments namely primary (alkaline, primary lithium, zinc-air and others) and secondary (lead acid, rechargeable lithium, nickel metal hydride, nickel metal cadmium and others)